Impetigo

Impetigo is a common and highly contagious skin infection that primarily affects children but can occur in people of any age. Characterised by red sores and blisters, impetigo is typically caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Despite its prevalence, impetigo is manageable with proper medical care, and can be treated by Putney Pharmacy with Pharmacy First.

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What is Impetigo?

Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection that leads to the formation of sores and blisters. These sores eventually burst, ooze, and form a honey-colored crust. It often begins on exposed areas of the body, such as the face, arms, or legs. Impetigo can be classified into two main types:

1. Non-bullous Impetigo: This is the most common form and starts as small red sores that quickly turn into blisters and then burst, forming a yellowish-brown crust. It typically appears around the nose and mouth.
2. Bullous Impetigo: This type is characterised by larger blisters filled with fluid. The blisters may appear on the trunk, arms, and legs and can be more severe than non-bullous impetigo. It is often caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Other symptoms include a fever, in more severe cases, and swelling in the nearby lymph nodes, which happens as the Boyd tries to fight the infection.  

Causes of Impetigo

Impetigo is caused by bacterial infections, primarily Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. These bacteria can enter the skin through minor cuts, insect bites, or other skin abrasions. The infection spreads easily from person to person, particularly in environments where close contact is common, such as schools, daycare centers, and sports teams.

Factors that can increase the risk of developing impetigo include:

Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infections.

Poor Hygiene: Inadequate handwashing and general hygiene practices can facilitate bacterial growth and spread.

Existing Skin Conditions: Conditions such as eczema or other skin injuries provide an entry point for bacteria.

Crowded Conditions: Places where people are in close contact, like schools and daycare centers, can facilitate the spread of impetigo.

Diagnosing Impetigo

A healthcare provider typically diagnoses impetigo based on the appearance of the skin and the patient’s symptoms. In some cases, a sample of the infected skin may be taken and sent to a laboratory for culture to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection. This is particularly important if the infection does not respond to initial treatments or if there is a concern about antibiotic resistance.

Treatment Options for Impetigo

Treatment for impetigo usually involves a combination of topical and oral antibiotics, depending on the severity and extent of the infection:

• Topical Antibiotics: For mild cases of impetigo, topical antibiotics such as mupirocin or retapamulin may be applied directly to the affected skin. These medications help to kill the bacteria and promote healing.
• Oral Antibiotics: For more extensive or severe cases, or if topical treatment is not effective, oral antibiotics may be prescribed. Commonly used oral antibiotics include amoxicillin-clavulanate or cephalexin.

In addition to antibiotics, general care measures include keeping the area clean, avoiding scratching, and covering the sores.

Preventing Impetigo

Preventing impetigo involves practicing good hygiene and taking measures to avoid spreading the infection:

• Hand Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap and water is essential to prevent the spread of bacteria.
• Avoid Sharing Personal Items: Do not share towels, clothing, or other personal items that may come into contact with the infected skin.
• Proper Wound Care: Treat any cuts, scrapes, or insect bites promptly to prevent bacterial infection.
• Keep Infected Areas Covered: If someone has impetigo, keep their sores covered and avoid close contact with others until the infection is fully treated.

When to Seek Medical Help

While impetigo is usually manageable with treatment, there are situations where it is important to seek medical attention:

• Severe or Persistent Symptoms: If the infection does not improve with treatment or if symptoms worsen, consult a healthcare provider.
• Fever or Other Complications: If the patient experiences high fever, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of a more severe infection, medical evaluation is necessary.
• Recurrent Infections: If impetigo recurs frequently, it may indicate an underlying issue that needs to be addressed.

A Swift Recovery

Impetigo is a common skin infection that, while often benign, requires prompt attention and appropriate treatment to prevent complications and spread. With proper care, including antibiotics and good hygiene practices, impetigo can be effectively managed and resolved. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for impetigo can help you recognise the condition early and seek appropriate care to ensure a swift recovery.

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If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of impetigo, contact the Putney Pharmacy team to get an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan. Early intervention and adherence to treatment guidelines can help alleviate symptoms and prevent the spread of this contagious infection.